indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
impossible; unlikely; improbable
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
in that way; thus; so; so?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
remains; corpse; (dead) body
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
with my own (two) eyes; with these very eyes
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
all-night vigil over a body; wake
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to