indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
two persons; two people; pair; couple
how; in what way; how about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
fourteenth day of the month; fourteen days
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
in this way; thus; such; uh...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question