indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
two persons; two people; pair; couple
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
license; permit; licence; certificate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
acquisition; obtaining; gaining possession; purchase
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
family; members of a family
drive; trip by car; to (go for a) drive; to go on a trip by car; to drive (e.g. a car); to drive (innovation, change, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
attaining Buddhahood; becoming a Buddha; entering Nirvana; going to heaven; resting in peace; dying (peacefully)
this world; this life; world of the living
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to wander about; to roam about; to knock around
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
in some way or other; one way or another; somehow; only just; barely
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
regret; repentance; remorse
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial