person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
indeed; really; truly; very much
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
book; volume; this; present; main; head
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.)
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to load (a gun, etc.); to charge; to put into (e.g. emotion, effort); to include (e.g. tax in a sales price); to hang over; to shroud
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to read (a book); to open (a book) to read; to unravel (e.g. a mystery); to discover (the truth)
don't you think?; indicates question
considerably; greatly; a lot
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
bookstore; bookshop; publisher; main building
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with; covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...