book; volume; this; present; main; head
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
depiction; description; portrayal
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
sympathy; empathy; response
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
quite capable of ...; could happen; not unlikely to
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
don't you think?; indicates question
hello; good day; good afternoon
old book; rare book; classic; secondhand book; used book
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)