cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
number one; first; best; most; game; round
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suffix for familiar person
every year; yearly; annually
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
such; like that; that sort of; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
I appreciate your efforts
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
buying and eating sweets (esp. children); between-meal snacking
quickly; at once; right away; hurriedly
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
how; in what way; how about
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
evening meal; dinner; supper