new leaves; young leaves; fresh verdure
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
generation of students educated under the "pressure-free" system (from the late 1970s onward)
one's whole life; one's lifetime
life; living; I; me; student
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
elbowroom; leeway; room; reserve; margin; allowance
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
lukewarm; tepid; half-hearted; vague; lenient; mild
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
rate; ratio; one tenth; ten percent; (comparative) profit; gain; assignment
reduction; decrease; subtraction; (arch.) reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryō codes)
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation); being immersed in; being absorbed in; prone to; apt to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
on good terms (with); on friendly terms (with); (getting along) well; in harmony; happily; peacefully
family restaurant (i.e. a restaurant with varied and inexpensive menu options); casual dining restaurant
to hold up over one's head; to hold aloft; to hold over something; to hold (one's hands) out (e.g. towards a fire); to hold up to shade one's eyes, face, etc.
trip abroad; overseas travel
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
stylish; fashionable; dressing (oneself) up; dressing smartly; fashionable dresser; smartly dressed person
having one's fill (of food or drink); eating (drinking) to one's heart's content; enjoying to the full