indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
dad; dada; daddy; pa; papa; pappa
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hollow; cavity; sunken place; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) female genitalia
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
origin; source; birthplace; release from prison; discharge from prison; exit
in that way; thus; so; so?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
wife (esp. one's own wife); court lady; female court attache; (arch.) woman (esp. as a love interest)
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
desperate; frantic; excited; worked up; heated; eager
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
Amida Buddha's original vow; long-cherished desire
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
duck; easy mark; sucker; sitting duck
river; stream; River; the ... river
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(short) curtain hung at shop entrance; split curtain used to divide spaces in a house; reputation (of a store); good name; goodwill
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as