indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
someone; a certain person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
marriage partner; spouse; wife-to-be; husband-to-be; future spouse
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
opinion; view; comment; scolding; reprimand; rebuke
difference; discrepancy; variation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
early detection (of an illness, project risks, etc.); early diagnosis
desirable; hoped for; preferable; advisable
without; but if; otherwise; or else
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to result in death; to lead to death; to be fatal (e.g. disease)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
beginning; outset; first; onset
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
searching for a marriage partner; marriage hunting; activities leading to marriage (e.g. dating, courtship)
about; on; regarding; per; for every
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
material; materials; data; information; documents
example; instance; precedent; custom; habit
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend