white stone; white (go pieces)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
white; correction fluid; white-out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
company president; manager; director
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora); Japanese umbrella pine; tanyosho pine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drive away; to order off; to chase away; to force into an unpleasant situation (bankruptcy, prostitution, suicide, etc.)
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
president (of a society); chairman
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to let (someone) hear; to tell (e.g. a story); to make (someone) listen; to make (someone) understand; to grip (someone) with skilful singing, storytelling, etc.; to hold (someone) enchanted by
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
patent; special permission; licence (license); proprietary
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
to pile up; to make a heap; to lay (e.g. bricks); to acquire (e.g. experience); to build (a reputation)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to do over again; to redo; to start over; to remake; to resume; to recommence