person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
each; (arch.) you (plural)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
simultaneously; all at once; in unison
(yarn) count; nth place (in a race); nth position (in a starting lineup); nth rank (in a battle formation); castle guard; second-place horse
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to gain on; to put pressure on; to close in on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
first place (in a race); first to arrive; one suit (of clothes); one item (of clothing); one move
arrival; arriving at ...; counter for items or suits of clothing; nth place (in a race); counter for moves
baren; disk-shaped rubbing pad for pressing paper when making a print from a wood block
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
wretched; miserable; shameful; mean; despicable; abject
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
name; given name; first name
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
university student; college student