indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
fastidiousness; fussiness about cleanliness, etc.; clean-freak
Oedipus complex; sexual attraction to one's mother
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
sexless; without sex; sexlessness
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
to have a relationship; to have relations
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
strange; unexpected; (by) chance; unusual; curious
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
married woman; another's wife
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
parting; separation; farewell
to quarry; to cut (timber); to begin to talk; to break the ice; to start a fire (with flint, by rubbing sticks together, etc.); to select and extract (from a media file)
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to thrust before; to thrust at
suffix for familiar person