indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
just a minute; small quantity
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
to burn; to be roasted; to be heated; to be jealous; to be envious
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(in) dire straits; (in a) serious bind; (in a) big pinch
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
line; queue; procession; matrix
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
easy; simple; there's no way that ...