indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
second marriage; remarriage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to feel nervous; to feel afraid; to be startled; to be surprised; (arch.) to be shy; (arch.) to be bashful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thunder; thunderclap; crash of thunder
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)