indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis); female hawk (or falcon); falconry (using a northern goshawk)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
full moon; moon on the 15th day of the month (by the lunar calendar); full moon of the eighth lunar month
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
company director; board member
development; exploitation
patent; special permission; licence (license); proprietary
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
medicine manufacture; drug manufacture
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
company president; manager; director
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
secrecy; highly classified information
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
offender; criminal; culprit
company; corporation; workplace
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...