indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
traditional ordering of the Japanese syllabary; fundamentals; the ABCs of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report