one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
chance; start; opportunity; cause; reason; excuse
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
bank; embankment; dike; reservoir; pond
yen (currency of Japan); circle
the other day; a few days ago
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
activity (esp. energetic or successful); great efforts; active participation; walking about with great vigor
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
how; in what way; how about
don't you think?; indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; by the way
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; part-timer
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof