indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
university; college; former imperial university of Japan (established under the ritsuryō system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
third-year student; third-year pupil
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
polar regions; the pole; farthest land; ends of the earth
research (institute, laboratory, group, etc.)
inspection; study by observation; field trip; sitting out (e.g. PE class)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
two persons; two people; pair; couple
graduate student; postgraduate student
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
offender; criminal; culprit
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
advantage; benefit; merit; good point; plus
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
disappearance; running away; going missing; absconding