previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
arm; skill; efforts; ability
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
offender; criminal; culprit
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up