previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
(dead) body; corpse; remains
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
offender; criminal; culprit
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
existence; being; presence
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
trap (for catching animals); snare; trap; trick; ruse
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up