indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
step; stride; counter for steps
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
mobile telephone; cellular telephone
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
put; place; leave; do (in preparation)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lead nowhere; get one nowhere; no use; fruitless; there's no point (in doing)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late