indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
eternity; permanence; perpetuity
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
police; police officer; police station
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
father; dad; husband; you; he
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people