honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to play dumb; to feign ignorance; to play the fool; to be in one's dotage
please (give me); please (do for me)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
to concern; to be related
to track down; to locate; to find out; to smoke out; to ferret out; to chase up
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
lockout (work stoppage); account lockout
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to see through (a lie, scheme, etc.); to see into (someone's mind); to read (someone's true feelings); to penetrate
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
story; tale; talk; discussion
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality