indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
infinity; infinitude; eternity; infinite; limitless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
in comparison to; rather than
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
man; male; masculine gender
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed