indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
pity; sorrow; pitiable; pitiful; alack; alas
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
red and white; colours for festive or auspicious occasions (colors); two teams; two groups; Kōhaku Uta Gassen; annual contest between male and female popular singers on New Year's Eve (sponsored and broadcast by NHK)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
suffix for familiar person
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post