beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
former employee; retired person; retired employee; retiree
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
several people; a few people
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
examination results; test result; test outcome
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
person of high rank or position
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
filling (up) a hole; filling in (for a gap, vacancy, etc.); stopgap; making up (for a loss, damage, etc.); covering (a deficit); fill-in-the-blank activity
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
filling a vacancy; supplementation; substitute; deputy; alternate
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
midterm (mid-semester) test or exam
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
to be based on; to take into account; to build upon; to have one's feet firmly planted on; to plant oneself on
admission; incorporation; enlistment; enrollment
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rikka; formal style of ikebana
group; body; party; company; troupe; gang
office; official; chief; head; person (usually a woman) who officiates at religious ceremonies (on the Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
teacher; instructor; professor
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
moral duty; moral obligations; justification; pretext; just cause
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to change; to alter; to reform; to correct; to examine; to check
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?