to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
riding ground; racecourse; racetrack
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
such; this sort of; like this
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
question; inquiry; enquiry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon); cervid
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
counsel; defender; advocate
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
(nature of a) crime; (criminal) charge
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
unreasonable; irrational; outrageous; absurd
doubt; question; uncertainty; skepticism; scepticism; suspicion