dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
pupil; student; schoolchild
by means of; due to; because of; according to
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
Izumi (former province located in the southwest of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
human relations; personal relationships
to not take seriously; to take lightly
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
manner; way; appearance; air; custom; convention; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
trust (in); confidence; faith; reliance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
from now; from this moment; henceforth
drawing a katana and attacking in the same stroke; doing (something) suddenly and without warning; doing without prior notice
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
inspection of personal belongings (e.g. before entering a venue)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in