plural; multiple; several
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
life; living; I; me; student
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
about when; about what time; how soon
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
woman; female; feminine gender
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
error; mistake; fault; sin; wrongdoing; offense
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
handling; handball (soccer foul)
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...