to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
had better ...; had better not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
lapis lazuli; lapis lazuli (color); beryl; mall blue passerine bird (esp. the blue-and-white flycatcher and the Siberian blue robin, but also the red-flanked bluetail); glass
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
life; living; I; me; student
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
all present; all concerned; all of us
honorific/polite/humble prefix
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)