indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
with no regard to one's appearances; with no concern of how one's act looks like
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
beloved child; dear child
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
bathing suit; swimsuit; swimmers
planning; project; plan; design
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for parts, stages, installments, etc. (of a story, series, project, campaign, etc.); counter for bullets
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
exposure; laying bare; baring (e.g. skin); (photographic) exposure
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to put on weight; to gain weight; to grow fat; to get stout
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to sell (well); to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
number one; first; best; most; game; round
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo