indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Echizen (former province located in parts of present-day Fukui and Gifu prefectures)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suffix for familiar person
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
factory manager; works manager
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket