indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Echizen (former province located in parts of present-day Fukui and Gifu prefectures)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
suffix for familiar person
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
unrequited love; one-sided love
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
please (give me); please (do for me)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
kamaboko; steamed seasoned fish paste, usu. in a semicylindrical shape on a strip of wood and sliced to go in soup, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily