to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
impregnable castle; inner castle citadel; golden castle (nickname for Nagoya Castle)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
truth; reality; seriousness; logical truth; printed style writing; star performer
company; group; class; troop; rank; file
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such; like that; that sort of; very
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
other than; except for; aside from; apart from; save for
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
alone; by oneself; on one's own
racing (of an engine); spinning one's wheels; running idle; fruitless effort; going nowhere; going round in circles
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...