indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
return; comeback; reinstatement; carriage return; CR
long-distance relay race; stagecoach; post horse
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
prize for a single stage of a relay race
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
nori; laver; edible seaweed, usu. Porphyra yezoensis or P. tenera, usu. dried and pressed into sheets
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
to set out; to set sail; to embark on (a new venture); to set out (to achieve something); to begin to ride; to lean forward
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
poor physical health; bad shape
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to evaluate; to appraise; to comment on
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thorough; exhaustive; complete
to check through; to thoroughly investigate
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at