indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
opening and shutting; opening and closing
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
may I come in?; please forgive me; I'm sorry
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
evening; night; nighttime
sorry; excuse me; thank you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
a little; a bit; a small amount; a little while; a short time; a moment
story; tale; talk; discussion
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...