sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
interview (e.g. for a job)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
consent; agreement; acceptance; understanding; satisfaction (e.g. with an explanation); being convinced
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
one's thought and beliefs
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
then; well; so; well then
movie; film; motion picture
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
how; in what way; how about
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't you think?; indicates question
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as you (they, etc.) say; as you suggest; I absolutely agree
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
time; hour; period; class
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
anyway; anyhow; setting aside ...; regardless of ...; really; truly