this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
materials; data; document
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
previous day; day before; eve; prior day; preceding day
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
school festival; campus festival
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
in that way; thus; so; so?
reset; fresh start; new beginning
to move forward; to move on
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see