indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
society; public; community; social studies
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to reward; to recompense; to repay; to retaliate; to get revenge
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
meaning; significance; sense
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt