I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
brightness; splendour; splendor
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
stubborn; obstinate; pigheaded
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to slide; to slip off; to get dislocated; to be out of alignment; to get dislodged; to deviate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
Niigata (city, prefecture)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
elevator; lift; elevator (aviation)