so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
considerably; fairly; quite
to be blessed with; to be rich in; to abound in
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
private clinician; physician in private practice
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
discomfort; inconvenience; poverty; want; inability; disability
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence (pretense); show; going to restaurant, hotel etc. without a reservation or introduction
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
bill; bill of sale; tab (for later payment); credit; contact move (in go); direct attack to an enemy stone; sound effect produced by striking with clappers a wooden board in kabuki
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hopeless; futile; no use; beyond help; cannot be done
reality; actuality; hard fact
to run into; to collide with; to come to the end of (a street); to run into (difficulties, problems, etc.); to run up against
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity