honorific/polite/humble prefix
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
electric line; electric cable; power cable; telephone line; telegraph wire
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
all; entire; whole; altogether
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
than; from; out of; except; but; more
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in that way; thus; so; so?
it is not (like that) either
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question