indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
retirement ceremony of a wrestler where his top-knot is cut
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
Japanese spindletree (Euonymus japonicus)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to draw or pull something towards oneself (e.g. chair)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
time; hour; period; class
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to collect (e.g. one's thoughts); to get in order
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone