indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
fact; truth; understanding; consideration
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
now; the present time; just now; another; more
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
after all; because; but; even; too; as well