indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
subordinate shrine; professional entertainer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
teahouse; (Edo period) rest stop; (geisha) teahouse; establishment where patrons are entertained by geisha; tea house (that sells tea); tea dealer
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
from the bottom of one's heart; heartily; sincerely
to fall in love; to be in love; to be charmed with; to lose one's heart to
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
paying to get someone (esp. a geisha, prostitute, etc.) out of bondage
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
so; to such an extent; such
outrageous; monstrous; appalling; inordinate; overambitious
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
as much as one can; as much as possible; if at all possible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hut; cabin; small theatre (theater); temporary playhouse; one's own house