ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
honorific/polite/humble prefix
around there; near there; or thereabouts; or so; such a matter; such a thing
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
study; diligence; discount; reduction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to act (a part); to play (a role); to perform (a play, etc.); to put on (a production); to commit (a blunder); to disgrace oneself
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity