indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
meeting; rendezvous; meeting for the first time; coming across; confluence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; period; class
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to sell (well); to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
confection of sweetened beans wrapped in wheat-flour dough (in the shape of a sword guard); (arch.) metal sword guard; (arch.) polearm
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
table; desk; counter for tables, desks, etc.; offering table before an altar (sometimes used in tea ceremony); tabletop incense burner
suffix for familiar person
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
internal use; private business
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)