why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
loveable; very likeable; like very much
White Day (March 14); day for giving white chocolate and other presents to female coworkers and friends in return for gifts received on Valentine's day
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to feign ignorance; to evade one's responsibilities
serious; not joking; straight
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
shallow playboy; frivolous lad; good-time Charlie
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to throw; to hurl; to give up; to abandon; to cast (a glance, shadow, doubt, etc.)
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
to face; to go towards; to head towards
in this way; thus; such; uh...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you