indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
suffix for familiar person
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the other day; previously; last time; last (Sunday, summer, etc.); previous (e.g. mayor, chapter)
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
second marriage; remarriage
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
child from a previous marriage; child of a former spouse; stepchild
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Hayato; ethnic group which lived in Kyūshū in ancient times and opposed the state of Yamato
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?