indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photo studio; photographer; camera shop; photography supplies shop; photo processing shop; photo finishing shop
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
for a short while; for a while; for some time; for the time being
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
construction worker; laborer (labourer); navvy
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Hijikata Toshizou (1835.5.31-1869.6.20)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be finished; to be completed; to be done
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
famous sword; excellent sword
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah