opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
snake in one's bosom; treacherous friend
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
overthrow of the shogunate
advocate; disputant; debater; (present) writer; author
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to have something on someone; to catch someone out; to trip someone up; (lit.) to grab by the tail
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
imperial court; shogunate government; authorities; public affairs; official; government
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
tactician; schemer; intriguer; resourceful person
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
to fight; to compete; to contest; to argue; to dispute heatedly
unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen
to be helpful; to be useful
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
adds force or indicates command
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to control; to command; to get the better of
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
generosity; magnanimity; tolerance; length and capacity; measures
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
these days; nowadays; now; at present; recently; lately
in various ways; in all sorts of ways; at every opportunity; whenever there is a chance
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
un-; non-; negative prefix
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
law; ban; prohibition; ordinance